Executive Orders
Executive Order 10925, signed by President John F. Kennedy on March 6, 1961, required government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." It established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), which was chaired by then Vice President Lyndon Johnson. Vice Chair and Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg was in charge of the Committee's operations. This first implementation of "affirmative action" was intended to give equal opportunities in the workforce to all U.S. citizens, not to give special treatment to those discriminated against. Following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (which went into effect a year later on July 2, 1965) and President Johnson's Executive Order 11246 (which was signed on September 24, 1965), the Committee's functions were divided between the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance (which in 1975 was renamed the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs).
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is part of the U.S. Department of Labor. OFCCP is responsible for ensuring that employers doing business with the Federal government comply with the laws and regulations requiring nondiscrimination. This mission is based on the underlying principle that employment opportunities generated by Federal dollars should be available to all Americans on an equitable and fair basis.
EEO Reporting (EEO-4)
https://www.eeoc.gov/statistics/job-patterns-minorities-and-women-state-and-local-government-eeo-4
EEO Reporting (EEO-1)
https://www.eeoc.gov/statistics/employment/jobpatterns/eeo1/2018/states-industries
Facts and Myths
about AA
http://www.UnderstandingPrejudice.org/readroom/articles/affirm.htm
Violation of
AA/EEO
Significant EEOC Race/Color Cases (Covering Private and Federal Sectors)
Important Research Articles
The Atlantic Magazine: The Case for Reparations
As validated and reported with the June 2014 issue of “The Atlantic” magazine, the race card has perpetually been played on Black people during 250 years of slavery, 90 years of Jim Crow, 60 years of separate but equal, and 35 years of state-sanctioned redlining.
The New York Times: Faces of Power: 80% Are White, Even as U.S. Becomes More Diverse
As validated and reported on September 9, 2020 by “The New York Times,” the most powerful people in the United States pass our laws, run Hollywood’s studios and head the most prestigious universities. They own pro sports teams and determine who goes to jail and who goes to war. A review by The New York Times of more than 900 officials and executives in prominent positions found that about 20 percent identify as Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, multiracial or otherwise a person of color. About 40 percent of Americans identify with one of those groups. Even where there have been signs of progress, greater diversity has not always translated to more equal treatment.
Glass Ceiling
Commission Report
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544145/
Racial Profiling
- Walking While Black: A Black Bill of Rights
http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0017/bain.shtml
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/usa/Rcedrg00-01.htm
